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Add more info about package managers

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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ After the installation is done, you can enter `cmatrix`. Congratulations, you ar
To exit the matrix, press `q`.
What if you don't like the matrix and want to remove it? You can uninstall packages using `sudo dnf uninstall PACKAGENAME`. In this case: `sudo dnf uninstall cmatrix`. You have to confirm again with `y`.
What if you don't like the matrix and want to remove it? You can uninstall packages using `sudo dnf remove PACKAGENAME`. In this case: `sudo dnf remove cmatrix`. You have to confirm again with `y`.
Why do we speak about _packages_ instead of programs when installing software on Linux? Because packages can contain more than one binary (the actual programs) and extra files. Take a look at [the files that are installed with `cmatrix` on Fedora](https://packages.fedoraproject.org/pkgs/cmatrix/cmatrix/fedora-rawhide.html#files) for example.
@ -76,3 +76,91 @@ If you don't have access to `sudo` and try to use it, then you get an output lik
> You might find a "meme" in the internet that tells you to run something like `sudo rm -rf /`. This command will delete EVERYTHING on your machine. It is like delete the `C` and all other drives at the same time on Windows.
>
> Linux assumes that you know what you are doing when you use `sudo`. With great power comes great responsibility!
### Looking for a package
If you don't exactly know the name of a package you are looking for, then you can use `dnf search PATTERN`. DNF will then return packages that match the pattern in their name or description.
For example, if you search for Julia (which is a programming language, you get the following results):
```console
$ dnf search julia
============================ Name Exactly Matched: julia ============================
julia.i686 : High-level, high-performance dynamic language for technical computing
julia.x86_64 : High-level, high-performance dynamic language for technical computing
=========================== Name & Summary Matched: julia ===========================
cantor-julia.i686 : julia backend for cantor
cantor-julia.x86_64 : julia backend for cantor
julia-common.noarch : Julia architecture-independent files
julia-devel.i686 : Julia development, debugging and testing files
julia-devel.x86_64 : Julia development, debugging and testing files
julia-doc.noarch : Julia documentation and code examples
perl-DateTime-Calendar-Julian.noarch : Julian Calendar support for DateTime.pm
vim-syntastic-julia.noarch : A syntax checker for julia programming language
============================== Summary Matched: julia ===============================
jday.i686 : A simple command to convert calendar dates to julian dates
jday.x86_64 : A simple command to convert calendar dates to julian dates
perl-Date-JD.noarch : Conversion between flavors of Julian Date
python3-jdcal.noarch : Julian dates from proleptic Gregorian and Julian calendars
```
If you know the name of the program but you don't know the name of the package that contains this program, use `dnf provides PROGRAMNAME`.
If you want to install the program `trash` (no joke) that provides you with the functionality of a system trash (instead of completely deleting), then you can run this:
```console
$ dnf provides trash
trash-cli-0.21.10.24-2.fc36.noarch : Command line interface to the freedesktop.org trashcan
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/trash
trash-cli-0.22.4.16-1.fc36.noarch : Command line interface to the freedesktop.org trashcan
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/trash
```
You can see that the name of the package is not the same as the name of the program. Using `provides` makes your life easier while looking for the package to install.
If you did find a package but you want to get more information about it, you can use `dnf info PACKAGENAME`:
```console
$ dnf info julia
Available Packages
Name : julia
Version : 1.7.3
Release : 1.fc36
Architecture : i686
Size : 45 M
Source : julia-1.7.3-1.fc36.src.rpm
Repository : updates
Summary : High-level, high-performance dynamic language for technical computing
URL : http://julialang.org/
License : MIT and LGPLv2+ and GPLv2+
Description : Julia is a high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language
: for technical computing, with syntax that is familiar to users of
: other technical computing environments. It provides a sophisticated
: compiler, distributed parallel execution, numerical accuracy, and an
: extensive mathematical function library. The library, largely written
: in Julia itself, also integrates mature, best-of-breed C and Fortran
: libraries for linear algebra, random number generation, signal processing,
: and string processing.
:
: This package only contains the essential parts of the Julia environment:
: the julia executable and the standard library.
Name : julia
Version : 1.7.3
Release : 1.fc36
Architecture : x86_64
(...)
```
You get too results for Julia that seem to be identical. The difference is the _architecture_. Normal computers usually have the `x86_64` architecture, so you should look for it. But it is nice to know that other architectures are also supported.
If you have a problem with a package after an update, then you can try to use an older version. To do so, refer to the documentation of `dnf downgrade`.
To run updates on your system, use `dnf upgrade`.
For security reasons, it is important to run updates frequently! The updates installed using a package manager in Linux update the whole system and its programs. This means that you don't have to update your packages separately.