mirror of
https://gitlab.rlp.net/pgp/pgp1-python-einfuehrung
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Split notebooks into individual lessons
This commit is contained in:
dwenz
parent
7e3ea138cd
commit
17938cf303
5 changed files with 1178 additions and 449 deletions
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@ -1147,7 +1147,7 @@
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.9.6"
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"version": "3.9.4"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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568
Lektion2_Messtabellen.ipynb
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568
Lektion2_Messtabellen.ipynb
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@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "21a11be0",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Lektion 2. Messtabellen:\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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"## Messtabellen in Python:\n",
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"\n",
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"Damit uns eine Programmiersprache wie Python Arbeit abnehmen kann, sollte es auch möglich sein, größere Datenmengen, wie z.B. die Werte einer Messtabelle, in einer Variablen zu speichern. Python bietet hierfür verschiedene Konzepte an. Jedes dieser Konzepte hat unterschiedliche Stärken und Schwächen. Die gängigsten Methoden sind list, tuple, bzw. sogenannte numpy.arrays und pandas.dataframes. Aufgrund der limitierten Zeit im PGP 1 werden wir uns hier lediglich mit zwei dieser vier Methoden auseinandersetzen. \n",
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"\n",
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"Fangen wir zunächst mit Listen an. Eine Liste ist eine Ansammlung von Werten, welche alle den gleichen oder ganz unterschiedliche Datentypen haben können. Eine Liste kann auf zwei unterschiedliche Art und Weisen erstellt werden:\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"id": "ec6c1c02",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte1 = ['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3'] # Variante 1\n",
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"Messwerte1"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"id": "21773a54",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"[2, 0.9, '1']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte2 = list([2, 0.9, '1']) # Variante 2\n",
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"Messwerte2"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "be844385",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Sobald wir eine liste erstellt haben, können wir eine ganze Reihe von unterschiedlichen Manipulationen durchführen, um sie nach unserem Belieben zu verändern.\n",
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"\n",
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"Wir können zum Beispiel die bestehende Liste um einen Wert erweitern (`append`) oder einen zusätzlichen Wert an eine beliebige Stelle in der Liste hinzufügen (`insert`)."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"id": "b8e22f05",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert5']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte1.append('Wert5')\n",
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"Messwerte1"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"id": "9bdd72bf",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert5', 'Wert4']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte1.insert(4, 'Wert4')\n",
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"Messwerte1"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "8f7316a2",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Ups, was ist denn in der letzten Zelle passiert? Wert4 wurde ja garnicht an Stelle 4 der Liste gesetzt, Python scheint nicht zählen zu können... \n",
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"\n",
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"Leider zählt Python doch richtig. In Python läuft der Index von Objekten in einer Liste immer von 0,1,2,3...n. Dies können wir auch ganz einfach überprüfen, indem wir unsere Liste in verschiedene \"Scheiben\" schneiden (so genanntes slicing). Dies geht wie folgt:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"id": "83e9b6f0",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"NeueWerte = ['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6'] "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "173ccfee",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Die kleinste Scheibe, welche wir abschneiden können, ist ein einzelner Wert:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"id": "0b6c1f61",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Wert1'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"NeueWerte[0] # Hier sehen Sie, dass der erste Wert den Index 0 hat."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"id": "c851e5b0",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Wert3'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"wert_index_2 = NeueWerte[2] \n",
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"wert_index_2"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "7b9e07f7",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Wie bei einer Pizza können wir uns natürlich auch größere Stücke nehmen."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"id": "a35f8d4a",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"NeueWerte[0:3]"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 10,
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"id": "9e63410f",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 10,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"NeueWerte[2:5] # Python behandelt den letzten Wert wie in einem offenen Intervall [2,5)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"id": "27ae7119",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"NeueWerte[2:] # Hier werden alle Werte mit dem Index >= 2 zurückgegeben"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 12,
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"id": "bfb5a049",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 12,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"NeueWerte[-3:] # Mit negativen Zahlen fangen Sie vom Ende der Liste an"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "0735b414",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Neben `insert`, `append` und `slicing` bietet Python noch ein paar weitere Listenmanipulationen an. Mit Hilfe des `+` Operators können Sie die Werte in einer Liste direkt an eine andere Liste anfügen."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 14,
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"id": "38098cd2",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1',\n",
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" 'Wert2',\n",
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" 'Wert3',\n",
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" 'Wert5',\n",
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" 'Wert4',\n",
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" 'Wert1',\n",
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" 'Wert2',\n",
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" 'Wert3',\n",
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" 'Wert4',\n",
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" 'Wert5',\n",
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" 'Wert6']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 14,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte1 + NeueWerte"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "88ce1ac5",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Anders als `append`, welches die zweite Liste als Ganzes an die erste Liste anfügt:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 15,
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"id": "e0d648ac",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1',\n",
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" 'Wert2',\n",
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" 'Wert3',\n",
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" 'Wert5',\n",
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" 'Wert4',\n",
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" ['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6']]"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte1.append(NeueWerte)\n",
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"Messwerte1"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "24c36d81",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Aber aufgepasst, bei `append` wird die Liste, an welche Sie die Daten anhängen (hier Messwerte1), direkt geändert (dies gilt auch für `insert`), während Sie beim `+` Operator die Variable überschreiben müssen, damit die Änderung wirksam wird. "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 16,
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"id": "7763f952",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"['Wert1',\n",
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" 'Wert2',\n",
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" 'Wert3',\n",
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" 'Wert5',\n",
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" 'Wert4',\n",
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" ['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6'],\n",
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" 'Wert1',\n",
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" 'Wert2',\n",
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" 'Wert3',\n",
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" 'Wert4',\n",
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" 'Wert5',\n",
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" 'Wert6']"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 16,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"Messwerte1 = Messwerte1 + NeueWerte\n",
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"# Tipp: Dies können Sie auch einfach mithilfe von\n",
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"# Messwerte1 += NeueWerte\n",
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"Messwerte1"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "c9e1ed86",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Zwei weitere nützliche Befehle im Zusammenhang von Listen ist die `len`- und `range`-Funktion. \n",
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"\n",
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"`len` gibt die Länge einer Liste zurück "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 17,
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"id": "42f10cd5",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert5', 'Wert4', ['Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6'], 'Wert1', 'Wert2', 'Wert3', 'Wert4', 'Wert5', 'Wert6']\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"12"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 17,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(Messwerte1)\n",
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"len(Messwerte1)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "6858a55f",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"`range` erstellt ganzzahlige Werte zwischen zwei ganzen Zahlen"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 18,
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"id": "49eaf0a3",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"range(0, 5, 2)"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 18,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"range(0, # <-- Startwert\n",
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" 5, # <-- Endwert (nicht mehr enthalten, offenes Ende)\n",
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" 2 # <-- Schrittweite\n",
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" )"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "fe1650e7",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Sie können die `range` Rückgabe auch wieder in eine Liste umwandeln"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 21,
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"id": "16670845",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"[0, 2, 4]"
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]
|
||||
},
|
||||
"execution_count": 21,
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"list(range(0,5,2))"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
||||
"id": "7cd394f4",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"<div class=task>\n",
|
||||
" \n",
|
||||
"#### Aufgabe 4.a.: Erstellen von Messwerttabellen:\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Erstellen Sie für jede Spalte der nachfolgenden Messtabelle eine Liste, welche die Messdaten beinhaltet. Benutzen Sie anschließend den `append` Befehl, um die Daten jeder Spalte an eine weitere Liste namens *daten* anzuhängen. \n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"| Messwertnummer | Spannung [V] | Strom [mA] | Fehler der Spannung [V] | Fehler des Stroms [mA] |\n",
|
||||
"|----------------|--------------|------------|-------------------------|---------------------------|\n",
|
||||
"| 1 | 12.00 | 110 | 0.32 | 10 |\n",
|
||||
"| 2 | 11.78 | 98 | 0.15 | 10 |\n",
|
||||
"| 3 | 12.56 | 102 | 0.63 | 10 |\n",
|
||||
"| 4 | 12.34 | 124 | 0.12 | 10 |\n",
|
||||
"| 5 | 12.01 | 105 | 0.20 | 10 |\n",
|
||||
"| 6 | 11.94 | 95 | 0.17 | 10 |\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"Verwenden Sie anschließend das Slicing, um die umgesetzte Leistung im Widerstand für die Meswerte 3 und 5 zu berechnen.\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"**Tipp:**\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"1. Sie haben bereits die Funktionen für die Leistung in Aufgabe 3 definiert und können sie hier erneut verwenden. \n",
|
||||
"2. Das Slicen von verschachtelten Listen funktioniert genauso wie bei normalen Listen:\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"```python\n",
|
||||
"spalte0 = daten[0] #<-- Wählt die Spalte 0 an \n",
|
||||
"spalte0[2] #<-- Wählt aus Spalte 0 den Messwert mit Index 2 an\n",
|
||||
"# oder als Einzeiler:\n",
|
||||
"daten[0][2] \n",
|
||||
"```\n",
|
||||
"\n",
|
||||
"3. Geben Sie an, wie sich die Messwertnummer zum Listenindex verhält.\n",
|
||||
"<div>"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"cell_type": "code",
|
||||
"execution_count": null,
|
||||
"id": "d85c9d1c",
|
||||
"metadata": {},
|
||||
"outputs": [],
|
||||
"source": []
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"metadata": {
|
||||
"kernelspec": {
|
||||
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"name": "python3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"language_info": {
|
||||
"codemirror_mode": {
|
||||
"name": "ipython",
|
||||
"version": 3
|
||||
},
|
||||
"file_extension": ".py",
|
||||
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
||||
"name": "python",
|
||||
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
||||
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
||||
"version": "3.9.4"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"nbformat": 4,
|
||||
"nbformat_minor": 5
|
||||
}
|
||||
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